Hazardous waste, including chemicals and other high-risk materials, poses significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and environmental quality if not properly managed. This section highlights globally aligned knowledge products to support safe handling, treatment, and circular approaches to hazardous materials. For İstanbul and Türkiye, increasing industrial activity and complex waste streams make strengthened regulation, monitoring, and recovery systems critical to reducing risks, improving resource efficiency, and advancing sustainable, low-impact development.